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Post new topic   Reply to topic    BookTalk.org Forum Index -> Archived Book Discussions 2006-2007 -> Godless in America: Conversations With an Atheist - by George A. Ricker
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PostPosted: Sun Sep 23, 2007 1:53 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
Some say, someone should take a long, hard look at the collected works of Stan Lee, and write a book about the view of America that filtered through his characters and iconography. He's probably had as much influence on the late 20th and early 21st centuries as any other single writer or artist, but that's something few people seem willing to recognize.

Oh, and I really do wish that some atheist BookTalk regulars would read "Godless in America" and make some comments here. I imagine it must be fairly discouraging to George to have Niall and I as the only other points of reference in the discussion. Particularly given that we're technically still minority points of view in the context of BookTalk as a whole.
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PostPosted: Tue Sep 25, 2007 2:22 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
Niall: I understand the "cosmic super critter" is off-putting to some. Maybe I overused the phrase. However, I refer you to what I said to Mad on the subject. As to teapots and unicorns, I didn't use them.

Mad: You've expressed the concern before over the danger of some sort of cabal of atheists going after religious people. Here you talk about a group of "movement atheists" analogous to the Black Panthers.

I'm not sure where those "movement" atheists would come from, and I really don't see anything in atheism qua atheism that should lead anyone to take action against anyone else. I've said before, there is nothing in the statement "I don't believe in a god" or even "I believe no gods exist" that ought to lead anyone to harm anyone.

Although I don't see any evidence of any such tendency on the part of atheists in the United States or anywhere else for that matter, I suppose it might be possible for a group of people who were anti-religious to indulge in such behavior. But even among the most strident atheists today, I see no evidence of any such intention. There's a good bit of rhetoric and hyperbole flying around, but I think that may simply reflect a necessity to clear the air before we can move into more constructive forms of dialogue. The overwhelming consensus among most atheists is that we aren't bothered by religion unless someone is bothering us with it.

For what it's worth, should such an action ever take place, you can rest assured I would be on your side in the trenches fighting against it.

Incidentally, in case you hadn't noticed, my book came out well ahead of Dawkins' The God Delusion, Dennett's Breaking the Spell and Harris' Letter to a Christian Nation. Godless in America came out in April 2006. The others came out in fall of that year.

One last note, on the matter of writing for an audience. I think you may have misconstrued something. I did say I hoped to explain my view of what atheism really is, as opposed to common caricatures of it, and to explain how I came to become one. And I said I hoped to attract believers and nonbelievers alike. I used the phrase "open a dialogue" and that probably was a poor choice of words, since you really can't do that in a book, except to the extent you talk to people about it, as we are doing here, after the fact. However, I thought I also made it clear in the introduction that I intended to be candid about my view of gods and religions and cautioned that I understood believers might be offended by my criticism of their beliefs because they intend to view such things as attacks on them. Honestly, I thought my choice of a title, and the summary of the book's contents that appears on the cover, would give all readers fair warning about the tone of the writing inside.

As I noted in my earlier response. I didn't go out of my way to offend people, but I also didn't soft-pedal my opinions so as to avoid offending anyone.

George
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PostPosted: Tue Sep 25, 2007 5:45 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
garicker wrote:


I'm not sure where those "movement" atheists would come from, and I really don't see anything in atheism qua atheism that should lead anyone to take action against anyone else. I've said before, there is nothing in the statement "I don't believe in a god" or even "I believe no gods exist" that ought to lead anyone to harm anyone.

Although I don't see any evidence of any such tendency on the part of atheists in the United States or anywhere else for that matter, I suppose it might be possible for a group of people who were anti-religious to indulge in such behavior. But even among the most strident atheists today, I see no evidence of any such intention.


Two quick points:

1. There already have been militant (in the literal sense) atheist groups that have physically persecuted religious groups. Just have a look at Albania, the world's first "Atheist Nation." Even if you explain away the actions of such groups by arguing that the motivation of such groups as political (an argument the New Atheists tend not accept when it comes to supposed religious violence), there are atheists in Western society who compare religion to child abuse and who think it should be illegal to raise a child as a member of a religious community or group.

2. The argument atheism is a non-belief that has no causal effect - while technically true - is counterproductive when examining the role if plays or could play in modern social life. It would be like saying that retinoblastoma is not the result of a partial gene deletion, but the result of the presence of the rest of a human's genotype. Sure, it's technically true, just not in the everyday sense of the word.

Remove a belief from a traditional worldview, and it has an effect on the resulting phenotype. Our behaviour is not the result of specific beliefs, but of the interactions between the many beliefs we hold. Some beliefs serve to moderate or amplify others. If you believe in memes as a useful concept, imagine if somebody were to lose, or simply never acquire, the memes that lead us to value human life. The actions that result from the absence of such a belief (lets call it ahumanism) would be best explained by reference to the absence of humanist beliefs and not be reference to the other memes in the individuals' memeotype, no? In everyday life, atheism is not simply the absence of a belief. It has effects.

Edit:

Make that three quick points! George, for what it's worth so far, this is the most moderate book on atheism I've read, and I think it's better for that. There's far less hyperbole and general silliness than you find in the New Atheist works. I know I'm spending most of my time in these threads criticising, but my general opinion of the book is favourable believe it or not. It is a pity that the New Atheists didn't read your book, or least follow its example, when writing their own diatribes.
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PostPosted: Tue Sep 25, 2007 9:59 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
garicker wrote:
You've expressed the concern before over the danger of some sort of cabal of atheists going after religious people. Here you talk about a group of "movement atheists" analogous to the Black Panthers. I'm not sure where those "movement" atheists would come from, and I really don't see anything in atheism qua atheism that should lead anyone to take action against anyone else.


When I talk about "movement atheists", I'm talking about a group that's already there -- specifically, the group emblemized by Dawkins, Harris, Dennett, Hitches, et al. They're probably best described as atheists who see religion as historically and potentially hazardous to their values and to society in general, and who see the spread of atheism as the only way to counter that hazard. To that end, they're churning out a lot of arguments against religion. I don't mean to imply that violence, or even the potential for violence, is a characteristic native to movement atheists, but I do think they've set the stage for such a potential.

As soon as ethics and politics became the focal point of movement atheism, that stage was set. It was politics that led to the violence directed against Catholics in Revolutionary Spain and China; they were perceived as a threat precisely because their religious beliefs seemed to bring them into conflict with the winds of political change. Now Harris is arguing that religion is inherently violent; Dennett is arguing that they're inimical to the values of an open, democratic society; Dawkins is arguing that they're the root cause of most historical persecution and social conflict. These writers have a readership in the millions. Is it really so paranoid to suppose that some atheists are going to swallow those sentiments and decide that the best way to stifle those threats are through force? It's happened in the past, and I don't see any particular reason why it couldn't happen again.

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I've said before, there is nothing in the statement "I don't believe in a god" or even "I believe no gods exist" that ought to lead anyone to harm anyone.


No, but there's a very real difference between, "I don't subscribe to any religious belief," and "All religious belief is dangerous."

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But even among the most strident atheists today, I see no evidence of any such intention.


I'm loathe to take it as confirmation of a growing movement, but the apparant instances of expressed hostility against Christians in the case of school campus shootings since Columbine at least disconfirms the idea that there is no such basis for an atheist backlash.

Quote:
Incidentally, in case you hadn't noticed, my book came out well ahead of Dawkins' The God Delusion, Dennett's Breaking the Spell and Harris' Letter to a Christian Nation. Godless in America came out in April 2006. The others came out in fall of that year.


I hadn't noticed. Out of interest, do you think you would have changed anything had the other books beat you to the market?

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Honestly, I thought my choice of a title, and the summary of the book's contents that appears on the cover, would give all readers fair warning about the tone of the writing inside.


Well, your subtitle is conversations with an atheist. Which does imply an invitation to dialogue.

niall wrote:
There already have been militant (in the literal sense) atheist groups that have physically persecuted religious groups. Just have a look at Albania, the world's first "Atheist Nation."


Thanks for drawing this to my attention. I really don't know much about it. Got any good recommendations for books or articles on the topic?

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The argument atheism is a non-belief that has no causal effect - while technically true - is counterproductive when examining the role if plays or could play in modern social life.


I think what Niall is trying to say is, that taken in a vacuum, atheism is certainly no cause for concern, socially speaking. But atheism rarely if ever describes a situation isolated from the context of interaction, and it's that interaction that sometimes leads to the situations we're concerned about.

At least, I think that's what he's trying to say. That whole retinoblastoma analogy flew right past me.
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PostPosted: Tue Sep 25, 2007 10:10 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
I suppose the questions that a lot of my comments are leading towards are, What did you intend for the book to achieve? and, How do you see the book that you've written achieve that goal? Is it intended to make a dent in the public debate over religion's role in government? Is it supposed to encourage fundamentalists to be more reasonable? It seems to me that there are several agendas in the book, all competing to express themselves, and I'm not at all sure which you see as the most central.
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PostPosted: Wed Sep 26, 2007 1:49 am    Post subject: Reply with quote
In relation to Albania, my knowledge is based on a lecture I had five years ago and a handful of articles and copies of original documents. I'll have a look around and see if I can dig them up.

Here's a link to an article on the subject that gives an overview. It doesn't seem to contradict anything I remember, but that's about all I can say.

http://countrystudies.us/albania/56.htm

Quote:

At least, I think that's what he's trying to say. That whole retinoblastoma analogy flew right past me.


Right. Apologies if the retinoblastoma analogy misfired. I'd drank 2 litres of coke in the effort to keep myself awake long enough to finish an essay and was a little hyper as a result.

Retinoblastoma is a condition arising from the deletion of a gene that inhibits tumor development. Just as we attribute the atypical retionblastoma phenotype to the absence of the deleted gene (as opposed to the presence of the rest of the genotype), where an individual would have behave differently had they been a theist, it is fair to attribute their behaviour to atheism. The deletion of theism from traditional world views has consequences.
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PostPosted: Wed Sep 26, 2007 5:22 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
MadArchitect wrote:

It was politics that led to the violence directed against Catholics in Revolutionary Spain and China;


Well, it could be argued that it's politics in one way or another that leads to any large-scale acts of violence. I don't think the religious among us, and I'm speaking of the U.S. here, have much to fear from a violent atheist movement, anymore than the reverse would be true. If anything, I think most Americans are too apathetic to be collectively violent about anything. In the end though, a violent response to religion would oppose, at least part of, what the likes of Dawkins, Harris, Ricker, etc. are calling for, which is an end to violence over ideology. Now that's not to say that non-believers couldn't misinterpret atheist texts in the same way religious believers misinterpret religious texts. But I think it's clear that the atheist writers you have mentioned are not promoting violence.
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PostPosted: Thu Sep 27, 2007 6:30 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
Mad and Niall:

I hope you guys will forgive me, but I'm in the midst of submitting a new book to my publisher and the process has heated up a bit, nothing negative just more activity. So I'll probably be scarce around here for a few days. Rest assured I'll try to get back and address the points you've raised as soon as I can.

In case I haven't mentioned it already, I'll really do appreciate the input. So thanks for that. I'm not at all put off by criticism, especially not when it's in the form of conversation.

George
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PostPosted: Thu Sep 27, 2007 7:00 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
George you've gone to the trouble of addressing almost every post made in this sub-forum. You're allowed a break! Hopefully things go well with your publishing. What's the book about?
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PostPosted: Sat Sep 29, 2007 2:06 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
[quote="rose]But I think it's clear that the atheist writers you have mentioned are not promoting violence.[/quote]

Just to be clear, on a couple of things:
1) I'm not suggesting that Dawkins et al are promoting violence. But I do think that their books have introduced some suggestions that could lead to other people adopting violent tactics. It certainly wouldn't be the first time writers interested in the dissemination of peace had inspired activists who worked by violent means;
2) It isn't really wide-scale violence I'm worried about. I'm not suggesting that there's likely to an atheist Third Reich, or anything of that sort. But American history (and beyond that, Twentieth century Industrialized history) is peppered with instances of small-scale groups that have resorted to violent means as a way of progressing a political or cultural agenda. The Black Panthers in the 60s and 70s, the Skinheads in the 80s and 90s, various anarchist groups throughout, and anti-abortion religious groups in the last few decades all spring to mind; and
3) Most of the groups I've mentioned above have resorted to violence as a way of addressing what they regarded as moral or social injustices. So it certainly isn't historically inconsistent to suggest that violent activism could coalesce around writers who have tried to progress a peaceful agenda. And I think that Dawkins et al. have provided some fodder for such groups by painting religious belief as the root cause of major political and social conflicts, as antithetical to the values of a just , democratic society, or as mired in moral injustices (ie. calling religious indoctrination "child abuse"), and by suggesting that secular intervention (like screening who can and cannot have religious affiliation) is called for.

And George, good luck with the new book!
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PostPosted: Tue Oct 02, 2007 2:24 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
Mad, I don’t mean to suggest that you had suggested that Dawkins, et al. were promoting violence. But you seem to think that their books could be used as a catalyst for violent acts, regardless of the authors’ intentions. Combine that with the placement of your reservations, which I know wasn’t meant as any definite statement, in Ricker’s book discussion, and I have to ask where are you going with this? Do you think that atheists should stop producing texts merely because those texts might be used to justify violence? Or do you think atheist authors are responsible in clarifying their texts don’t support atheistic violence? I'm not saying either of these are your intentions, they're just guesses. I'm really not sure what you are getting at.

I understand that marginalized groups, often feeling as though there is no other recourse, have turned to violence as a response to that feeling of impotency. I just don’t think the current system we have supports such violent tendencies. Have we become too docile as a nation, too apathetic? I don’t know; it just seems to me very few people are willing to cross that line into organized violence, contemporarily. Look at the recent demonstrations with regard to the Jena 6; was there ever any real threat of violence? Finally, large, organized groups demonstrating against institutionalized injustices in the legal system. If there was ever a moment for impotence-related violence, I could see that being one. But I walked out of my office, a very recognizable city building, wearing my city i.d. tag, in my court apparel through a crowd of demonstrators, outfitted in black and raging against the very system I work for. Outside of my gender, I couldn’t possibly more represent “whitey” to this crowd of demonstrators, and I didn’t feel a moment’s hesitation, nor was any aggression directed my way. I also never heard of any violent, aggressive act among any of the other demonstrations. The context of this demonstration would surely have led to violent outbursts not twenty years ago. It seems to me that organized violence (hell, I’d say organized anything but…) no longer holds sway among the marginalized in this country. Now that’s not to say that some event couldn’t change that.

Which takes me to what I referenced above. Just because a book, an ideology, even a person might be manipulated and used for violence, does not justify protecting against that book, etc. I’ve seen discussions on this forum about how religious texts are used to justify violence. And I’d argue that some of those religious texts are used a hell of a lot more justifiably with regard to violent acts, than say Dawkins, for all his vitriol, could be used to justify atheistic violence. Certainly moreso than Ricker's book, which is the topic of this thread, could be interpreted as inciting violent reactions. Regardless, I think it has been rightfully argued that people, and not the texts they read, are responsible for their own violent acts. That Dawkins, Ricker, etc., might make their atheist readers more aware of how marginalized they really are, I will not deny. But I do not think it makes their books worthy of censure, merely based on the fear that atheists might used this newfound realization to commit violent acts. Nor do I think it the responsibility of the authors to necessarily address the violent possibilities you seem concerned about.
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PostPosted: Tue Oct 02, 2007 3:29 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
Rose wrote:
Do you think that atheists should stop producing texts merely because those texts might be used to justify violence? Or do you think atheist authors are responsible in clarifying their texts don’t support atheistic violence?


I think that atheist authors -- like most other kinds of author -- ought to be careful about what goes into their books. Particularly when an author is attempting to solidy group feeling and mobilize political action, as the New Atheist authors plainly are, caution is a must. I think that becomes obvious when you look at it from the opposite perspective. If a Christian author had penned a best-seller that equated atheist parenting with child abuse, and suggested that the government intervene, the uproar around BookTalk would be deafening.

Quite apart from the sinister implications that arise any time you suggest that the government start separating families over ideological matters (should we be watching closely to ensure that no one teaches their kids Marx?) I think it entirely likely that atheists would recognize that the stigma associated with the label "child abuser" could easily serve to facilitate anti-atheist violence. Talking about misconduct towards or abuse of children is an easy way to get people's emotions flared. But because the shoe is on the other foot, BookTalk atheists don't seem particularly concerned.

So, yeah, for one thing, I would like for New Atheists authors to be a little more cautious about what sort of stigma they're willing to attach to religious belief. The very heavy-handed (and sometimes, historically short-sighted) emphasis on religion as a promoter and facilitator of violence is another rhetorical device that, whether intentionally or not, has the potential to stigmatize religious believers and justify aggression against them. The implication (and sometimes outright statement) that religious believers may be inherently incapable of extended rational debate may well have the effect of seeming to close off other avenues to some resolution. While it may not be the intention of New Atheist authors to promote violence or unilateral political intervention, it may be that the arguments they present will have the incidental effect of convincing others that not much else is possible. Having read at least a few of the books in question, I don't think their arguments would have suffered from taking a less aggressive approach. And I do think the books of the New Atheist camp could be used as a catalyst for violence, in part because history provides us with examples of similar works that have played that role in other groups.

And secondly, I'd like to see more critical discussion within the atheist community. That's probably the aspect of all of this that worries me the most. It may be that I'm simply taking BookTalk as entirely too representative, but nearly atheist book that's been suggested (save for Hitchens' "God is Not Good") has been fastracked as an official discussion, has been championed for bringing atheism into the public debate, and has met with almost no criticism from atheists themselves. The criticisms raised by theists involved in the discussion have been met mostly with a lot of equivocation -- despite the fact that most of those criticisms have been about factual information and methodology. If there are potentially violent elements within the atheist community -- using the term community loosely here -- then it seems to me that the rest of that community is our society's best hope for reasoning with those elements, or at the very least, checking their access to theory and arguments that they might use as justification for violence -- checking it by providing as little of it as possible in the first place, and by being less eager in loaning unqualified support to such books.

So no, I don't want atheists to stop producind books. If anything, I'd like to see more, better quality books than those that are being offered by the New Atheist authors.

Quote:
I just don’t think the current system we have supports such violent tendencies.


What system do you mean?

Quote:
Have we become too docile as a nation, too apathetic?


No, I think we've just arranged to either not see the violence that does exist in our society, or to count it as exceptional and therefore not terribly relevant. Starting with mid-80s, we can count the rise of the American skinhead movement; the rise of inner-city gang violence; a number of particularly elaborate, execution style school shootings; a number of organized cult suicides (like Heaven's Gate); the Oklahoma City bombings; a pre-9/11 truck bomb attempt on the WTC; militant separatist conflicts with local authorities (like the Texicans); militant authority conflicts with local separatists (the ATF intervention with the Branch Davidians); the Unibomber; some small-scale 9/11 copycat attempts (remember shoebombs?); abortion clinic bombings; gay nightclub bombings; post-9/11 chemical weapon scares in the postal system; several Los Angeles riots. I'm sure everyone can think of more if they try. The point is that all of these were influenced by people who felt either their social groups or their ideologies to be threatened. There probably aren't many other industrialized countries who would look at current events in America and suggest that we've grown too docile for individual outbursts of violent opposition.

Quote:
Just because a book, an ideology, even a person might be manipulated and used for violence, does not justify protecting against that book, etc.


What do you mean by "protecting against"? I'm not calling for censorship in any form. I'm really kind of surprised that you'd insinuate as much. All I'm calling for is more circumspection on the part of authors and a more critical public discussion -- for some resistence to the urge for unqualified support that some atheists have shown simply because someone has brought their concerns to the bestsellers list.

Quote:
Certainly moreso than Ricker's book, which is the topic of this thread, could be interpreted as inciting violent reactions.


Two points in regard to the above quoted: 1) My comments regarding the possibility of anti-religion violence are not intended to reflect on Ricker's book; and 2) If we continue this discussion further, maybe we should relocate to a tangent thread.

Quote:
That Dawkins, Ricker, etc., might make their atheist readers more aware of how marginalized they really are, I will not deny.


That doesn't really inform my concern. I'm far more worried about the way in which they've stigmatized religious belief and to present religious believers as a danger to values they present as unconditionally worth protecting.
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PostPosted: Tue Oct 02, 2007 4:20 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
What I find a little disturbing about a lot of the New Atheist texts (I've decided to label George's book as an Old Atheist text) is that their tendency to talk about religionists or theists as a unified group. They create a sense of guilt by association whereby even peaceful theists who have liberal and secular views are spoken of as enablers of terrorism and totalitarianism.

In this day and age, this is very unfortunate. Even George Bush goes out of his way to differentiate between ordinary Muslims and Islamic terrorists in his speeches, because experience has taught us that when members of a group commit an atrocity those who share their labels are often the targets of unjustified violence. Dawkins and co. turn in the opposite direction, instead claiming that not only are all Muslims responsible for Islamic terrorists, but all theists.

Oh and for better or worse, I thought I'd point out that Fiske - who was an atheist - was very critical of The God Delusion, and several less high-profile atheist philosophers and scientists have criticised New Atheism. So no need to run for the bunker just yet Mad! .
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